FORMAT: PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE

PRESENT I

PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE

Present Indefinite Tense/ Simple Present describes an action in the present time.

FORMATION RULES

a) To use the main verb in its original form in context to the subject being 1^st Person (singular and plural) and 2^nd Person (singular and plural), 3^rd Person (plural) to construct the tense in the positive form. The original main verb takes s or es if the subject being the 3^rd Person (singular).

a. b)To use do or does as a helping verb to the main verb as per the person and its number to construct the tense Negative and Interrogative.

[The technique of building this tense is pointed out in the structure and the conjugation format shown above in all forms- Positive, Negative and Interrogative.]

USES

01. expressing present action:

`I like the game.

Don’t disturb me.

He reads a book.
The bell rings.

02. expressing theories and principles:

The mixture of oxygen and hydrogen makes water.

The hare runs faster than the tortoise.

03. expressing proverbs/ sayings / quotations from authors

The wearer knows where the shoe pinches

An empty vessel sounds much

Shakespeare says, “Frailty thy name is women.”

04. expressing natural / inherent characteristics

The cow gives us milk

A mother kisses her baby out of affection

The swan doesn’t walk fast

05. expressing professional activities

The physician feels her pulse

The hunter kills the roaring tiger

06. expressing normal / routine works

I rise early in the morning

Do they play cards at night?

The cook prepares the dish daily

07. expressing habitual / permanent actions

My father reads the newspaper after breakfast

They go for a walk in the evening

08. expressing a future plan/ programme of action

They leave for Paris tomorrow

The mayor inaugurates the athletic meet at 3 pm today

The school closes on the 20^th of this month

09. expressing instantaneous present

[generally used in running commentaries / an ongoing action ]

Afridi hits the ball and sends it over boundary

Here comes our chief guest

10. expressing the historic / graphic / dramatic events of the past [ standing for a substitute of the simple

past to make them vivid ]

Bangladesh wins freedom in 1971

The second World War starts in 1939 and ends in 1945

Hitler rushes upon the enemy

Immediately the defeated king hurries to his palace

The Titanic sinks in the Atlantic Ocean.

11. expressing ownership/relationship with verbs:

The book belongs to me

Zahir owes him TK 1000

12. some specific verbs expressing ownership/ relationship/perception/emotion/ cognition are generally used in this tense. These verbs are – feel, hear, taste, smell, believe, forget, know, understand, mean, remember, suppose, think, trust, care, desire, hate, hope, like, love, mind, fear, prefer, want, wish appear, consist of, contain, deserve, matter, resemble, seem etc.

Honey tastes sweet

We hear what he is saying

Does the flower smell sweet?

She does not believe in herself

Do you know Arabic?

I understand what they say

We think that he is an honest man

Do you like vegetables?

He prefers death to dishonour

She resembles her father

The book contains 50 chapters

Exception:

But these verbs may be used in continuous forms, if the reference remains to a temporary action:

The judge is hearing the case today

I am thinking of a plan

13. expressing exclamatory sentences beginning with here and there:

Here comes the guest!

There the heroine kills herself!

14. replacing present continuous tense:

I see a bird ( replacing I’m seeing a bird)

I feel comfortable here (I’m feeling comfortable here)

15. using with simple future in connection with time and condition

We shall wait till you come

If it snows none will go out of doors

to be continued..........................

TENSE

ANALYSIS

TENSE: Tense the English word comes from the Latin Tempus which means time. Thus, time’s another name is tense. The main tool to identify this time or tense is a verb in a sentence. So, tense is what denotes the time of a verb.

Examples:

The old man was an athlete.

They like vegetables

It will rain soon

Here, the verb was in the first sentence expresses the past action of its subject the old man; the verb like in the second sentence shows the present action of its subject they; while the verbs will rain exposes the future action of their subject it.

Definition: Tense is the modification of verb to show time of action of the subject in a sentence.

Kinds: As a time of action, Tense is of three kinds- a. Present b. Past and c. Future

Sections: The tense may be studied in two sections. The tense in the first section may be called Independent Tense and the tense in the second one may be named as Dependent Tense. The Independent tense is formed using the Primary Auxiliaries as main verbs. On the other hand, Dependent tense is formed with an ordinary verb (main verb) taking the primary auxiliaries with it. In this case the tense formed is dependent, it is so called because its main verb depends on other verbs (primary auxiliaries) in building any sentence in the tense.

Examples:

The cow is a useful animal.

We are eating mangoes.

The first sentence is formed in an Independent tense; while the second sentence is formed in a Dependent tense as per the above formula.

The Independent tense may be divided into Full-Independent and Semi-Independent. The first sentence above The cow is a useful animal. is formed in Full-Independent tense. It is made in full taking the primary auxiliary is as a main verb without any other verb with it. While Semi-Independent tense is formed using the Modal Auxiliaries. It is called Semi-Independent, because, these auxiliaries can’t build any sentences by themselves. They take other verbs. For example, (a) you should the poor (b) You should help the poor.

Here, the modal auxiliary should used in (a) can’t alone make the sentence, but it builds a sentence in (b) with the aid of other verb help.

TENSE-WISE FORMATION OF VERBS:

1.PRESENT : am/are/is, have/has, there is/are

2.PAST : was/were, had, there was/were

3.FUTURE : shall be/will be,

there shall/will be

EXAMPLES:

PRESENT TENSE

There is a boat in the river

They are none but liars

They were football players

PAST TENSE

There were many clocks in the shop

The boy had a bi-cycle

I shall be a cricketer

FUTURE TENSE

There shall be a charitable hospital in this locality.

They will be scientists.

SEMI-INDEPENDENT TENSE

This tense is generally formed with a modal auxiliary. But a modal auxiliary can’t alone make any tense, it takes another verb as its main verb. That’s why, the tense is named as a Semi- Independent tense.

Examples

I can do it.

You should help me.

They used to walk in the morning.

In the above sentences, the modal auxiliaries can, should, used to each has taken another verb to build a tense.

The modal auxiliaries used to form different kinds of tenses, such as, Present, Past and Future are: can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, would, dare, need, have to, used to, dare say and so on.

Some of them may be used as follows:

His son must be home by noon.

They could do the job easily.

You may enter the room.

They ought to wait for me.

Might I use your pen?

She would look better with longer hair.

He would like to live with me.

You had better take an umbrella in this foul weather.

You needn’t meet her tomorrow.

Need you pay the whole amount now?

I dare say he will help you.

DEPENDENT TENSES

In this section each of three tenses namely Present, Past and Future may be classified into.1. Indefinite 2.Continuous 3.Perfect 4.Perfect continuous

to be continued............................

Tragedy

Death ends every action of life. So, it may not be considered as any sign of tragedy which practically happens to lives alive. Mental conflicts, tortures, frustrations in expectations are the main problems goading one to a tragic situation. These all have no impact upon a dead one.

Golden Handshake !

The political leaders who have been marked corrupted in the courts or in other agencies by this time should say a good-bye to Bangladesh politics. Our leaders should follow the right track of overseas leaders who resign from their government and party position if they are disputed and censured even on a trifle matter relating to simple corruption and negligence of duty.

They deem that they have lost their credibility and, thus, be replaced by the fresh arrivals. This is noted in Japan, UK, USA, India and other democratic countries. But our corrupted leaders shamelessly stay in powers and posts, in spite of, dozen allegations against them. Our field of politics, thus, should be clean off these bad elements for the safety and nourishment of democracy.

Present Interim Govt. may do one noble thing. It may prepare a list of corrupt political leaders and ask them to leave politics on golden handshake (a moderate system introduced by the then BNP Govt to discharge the excess employees by paying their dues) for the sake of the nation.

Politics In Bangladesh

Politics in Bangladesh has been grabbed by the unpatriotic persons who are in practice of using it to their selfish ends. No idea of the country’s welfare doesn’t move their heart. Rather they remain busy building their own fate.

These persons in the name of leaders take politics as a sharp weapon to hoard money, amass wealth both at home and abroad like a business magnate. A real trader requires fund to ply his business. But they don’t. They use their label of politics in lieu of. Even they don’t care for any authorized business unit for their own. They collect tolls from others on threat. None can pick up any business in their command areas without giving them percentage. The recent anti-corruptions drive and the court’s verdicts bring their head to foot corruption to the lime light.

Though their number is few, there are some honest and real politicians in this spoil. But they have been cornered and made voiceless by them.

Save Dhaka

In consideration of its limited space, Dhaka, the metropolitan city has grown over-populated by this time. People from different parts of the country throng here every moment after. Recently the landless and illiterate ones are coming in a rush in prospect of some employment taking their shelters in the slummy parts of the city. Their number is increasing day by day.

One is made bound to be in Dhaka even for a petty problem the solution of which is quite possible locally in case there was the decentralization of powers in Bangladesh. The trend if rolls on the city will come out as an asylum of ‘madding crowd’. This horrendous situation shall bring forth frequent traffic jam, banishment of peace and harmony and above all an unhygienic environment.

Those have-nots staying in Dhaka combating an inhuman way of life should be handed over to their respective district authorities to rehabilitate them in their home areas on a pragmatic programme considered as mandatory. This may be materialized in aid of the NGOs. Centralized power of the government should be decentralized with an immediate effect in order to save Dhaka.