PRESENT I
PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE
Present Indefinite Tense/ Simple Present describes an action in the present time.
FORMATION RULES
a) To use the main verb in its original form in context to the subject being 1st Person (singular and plural) and 2nd Person (singular and plural), 3rd Person (plural) to construct the tense in the positive form. The original main verb takes s or es if the subject being the 3rd Person (singular).
a. b)To use do or does as a helping verb to the main verb as per the person and its number to construct the tense Negative and Interrogative.
[The technique of building this tense is pointed out in the structure and the conjugation format shown above in all forms- Positive, Negative and Interrogative.]
USES
01. expressing present action:
`I like the game.
Don’t disturb me.
He reads a book.
The bell rings.
02. expressing theories and principles:
The mixture of oxygen and hydrogen makes water.
The hare runs faster than the tortoise.
03. expressing proverbs/ sayings / quotations from authors
The wearer knows where the shoe pinches
An empty vessel sounds much
Shakespeare says, “Frailty thy name is women.”
04. expressing natural / inherent characteristics
The cow gives us milk
A mother kisses her baby out of affection
The swan doesn’t walk fast
05. expressing professional activities
The physician feels her pulse
The hunter kills the roaring tiger
06. expressing normal / routine works
I rise early in the morning
Do they play cards at night?
The cook prepares the dish daily
07. expressing habitual / permanent actions
My father reads the newspaper after breakfast
They go for a walk in the evening
08. expressing a future plan/ programme of action
They leave for
The mayor inaugurates the athletic meet at
The school closes on the 20th of this month
09. expressing instantaneous present
[generally used in running commentaries / an ongoing action ]
Afridi hits the ball and sends it over boundary
Here comes our chief guest
10. expressing the historic / graphic / dramatic events of the past [ standing for a substitute of the simple
past to make them vivid ]
The second World War starts in 1939 and ends in 1945
Hitler rushes upon the enemy
Immediately the defeated king hurries to his palace
The Titanic sinks in the
11. expressing ownership/relationship with verbs:
The book belongs to me
Zahir owes him TK 1000
12. some specific verbs expressing ownership/ relationship/perception/emotion/ cognition are generally used in this tense. These verbs are – feel, hear, taste, smell, believe, forget, know, understand, mean, remember, suppose, think, trust, care, desire, hate, hope, like, love, mind, fear, prefer, want, wish appear, consist of, contain, deserve, matter, resemble, seem etc.
Honey tastes sweet
We hear what he is saying
Does the flower smell sweet?
She does not believe in herself
Do you know Arabic?
I understand what they say
We think that he is an honest man
Do you like vegetables?
He prefers death to dishonour
She resembles her father
The book contains 50 chapters
Exception:
But these verbs may be used in continuous forms, if the reference remains to a temporary action:
The judge is hearing the case today
I am thinking of a plan
13. expressing exclamatory sentences beginning with here and there:
Here comes the guest!
There the heroine kills herself!
14. replacing present continuous tense:
I feel comfortable here (I’m feeling comfortable here)
15. using with simple future in connection with time and condition
We shall wait till you come
If it snows none will go out of doors
to be continued..........................
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